Note Investing Terms

How many of these note investing terms do you know? These definitions are here to help you master the basics—click or tap each term to reveal its meaning!

Allonge

An attachment to a promissory note used to document assignments or modifications.

Amortization

The gradual reduction of a debt through regular payments of interest and principal.

Assignment

The transfer of rights in a mortgage or deed of trust from one party to another.

Balloon Payment

A large final payment due at the end of a loan term.

Beneficiary

The lender or note holder who receives payments from the borrower.

BPO (Broker Price Opinion)

An estimate of a property’s value provided by a real estate broker.

Collateral

Property or assets pledged as security for a loan.

Deed in Lieu

A deed given by a borrower to a lender to avoid foreclosure.

Default

Failure to meet the terms of a loan agreement, typically by missing payments.

Due Diligence

The process of investigating and verifying the details of a potential investment.

Equity

The difference between a property’s market value and the outstanding loan balance.

Escrow

A third-party account used to hold funds or documents during a transaction.

First Lien

A primary claim on a property that takes precedence over other liens.

Foreclosure

The legal process of a lender taking possession of a property due to default.

ITV (Investment to Value)

The ratio of the amount invested to a property’s value.

Junior Lien

A secondary claim on a property that is subordinate to the first lien.

Lien

A legal claim on a property as security for a debt.

LTV (Loan to Value)

The ratio of a loan amount to the property’s appraised value.

Modification

A change to the original terms of a loan agreement.

Mortgage

A legal agreement that gives a lender a claim on a borrower’s property if they default.

Note

A legal document that obligates a borrower to repay a loan under specific terms.

Non-Performing Note

A loan where the borrower has stopped making payments.

OPM (Other People's Money)

Using borrowed funds or investor capital for investments.

Partial

The sale of a portion of future payments from a note.

Performing Note

A loan where the borrower is making regular, on-time payments.

Power of Attorney

Legal authorization for one party to act on behalf of another.

Principal

The original amount borrowed in a loan.

Promissory Note

A written promise to repay a debt under specific terms.

REO (Real Estate Owned)

Property owned by a lender after an unsuccessful foreclosure auction.

Seasoned Note

A loan with an established payment history.

Secondary Market

Where existing mortgages and loans are bought and sold.

Secured Note

A loan backed by collateral, typically real estate.

Servicing

The process of collecting and managing loan payments.

Short Sale

The sale of a property for less than the amount owed on the mortgage.

Title

Legal ownership of a property.

UPB (Unpaid Principal Balance)

The remaining balance on a loan.

Yield

The return on an investment, often expressed as a percentage.

Subordination

The process of ranking liens in order of priority.

Trustee

A third party who holds legal title to a property in a deed of trust.

Reconveyance

The transfer of a property’s title from a lender back to the borrower upon loan repayment.

Hypothecation

Pledging an asset as collateral without transferring ownership.

Forbearance

A temporary postponement of loan payments agreed upon by lender and borrower.

Chain of Title

The historical record of a property’s ownership.

Acceleration Clause

A provision allowing a lender to demand full repayment if certain conditions are not met.

Cure Period

 A grace period allowing a borrower to remedy a default before further action is taken.

Pooled Notes

A collection of notes bundled together as a single investment.

Loan Servicer

A company that handles the administrative aspects of a loan.

Maturity Date

The date on which the final payment on a loan is due.

Prepayment Penalty

A fee charged for paying off a loan before its maturity date.

Workout

A mutual agreement between lender and borrower to resolve a defaulted loan.